Madeline Schneider - My 10

1. Privacy in the Digital Era

As more of our personal information lives online, the more the issue of online privacy becomes. Today many of us have entered addresses, numbers, credit card information, and other personal details onto our computers. Although we feel like information is safe, much of it can be accessed. This not only effects everyday people, but also large companies or governments when people are able to hack and release their private information, or secrets. While this allows for a transparency that many think is a good thing, it can also be dangerous if the secrets revealed get into the wrong hands and put peoples' lives in danger. 

Quotes:

"Today, in the digital age, when exporters can gain access to private e-mail messages, Twitter accounts, and Facebook pages as well as voice mail, such practices raise questions about how far a reporter should go to get information." (494)

"In media history up to now, the press is free to report on what the powerful wish to keep secret because the laws of a nation protect it. But Wikileaks is able to report on what the powerful wish to keep secret because the logic of the Internet permits it… Just as the Internet has no terrestrial address or central office, neither does Wikileaks." (514)

http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/julian-assange-the-rolling-stone-interview-20120118

2. Social Issues with the Digital Age

While the rise of the digital age has aided our advancement in many different aspects of our lives, there have also been many drawbacks. One of the main ones has been our disconnect from the world as we grow more connected to our phones. With the convergence of a lot of the ways we got our information onto one device, there becomes little reason to go anywhere but our phones. Many phone and tablet companies, like Apple, are releasing commercials trying to convince people that our phones are changing the way we interact with the world around us, but not necessarily in a negative way. Whether you believe that it is negative or positive, it is clear that our way of viewing the world has changed; we communicate, learn, capture moments, listen to music, and so much more, all on our handheld devices. With people younger and younger having smartphones, it also brings into question the appropriateness of the information they are able to access.

Quotes:

"Today, media consumption is mobile and flexible; we don't have to miss out on media content just because we weren't home in time to catch a show, didn't find the book at the bookstore, or forgot to buy the newspaper yesterday. Increasingly, we demand access to our media when we want it, where we want it, ad in multiple formats." (59)

"Many people are critical of the quality of much contemporary culture and are concerned about the overwhelming amour of information now available. many see popular media culture as unacceptably commercial and sensationalistic." (16)

Dangers with your cellphone
http://www.healthline.com/health-news/tech-texting-while-walking-causes-accidents-031014

3. How Advertising Has Changed in the Digital Age

Advertisers have moved from traditional print or TV ads, to a more advanced and effective way of getting their products to consumers. Although these types of ads still exist, by using the internet and social media, companies can have people like, share, and write about their advertisements - letting the consumer do the work for them. It also allows companies to specify who sees their ads, like directing advertisements for clothes and fashion items to someone who frequently searches for these types of products, using their cookies. By tracking who "likes" what on Facebook or other social mediums, advertisers can create a valuable map of what products are liked by certain groups, making their advertising more effective.

Quotes:

"Knowing you like it, your friends view it; as they pass it along, it gets more earned media and eventually becomes viral - an even greater advertising achievement. As the Nielson Media rating service says about online earned media, "study after study has shown that consumers trust their friends and peers more than anyone else when it comes to making a purchase decision." Social media are helping advertisers use such personal endorsements to further their own products and and marketing messages - basically, letting consumers do the work for them." (398)

"Ad agencies and product companies often argue that the main purpose of advertising is to inform consumers about available products in a straightforward way....In managing space and time constraints, advertising agencies engage in a variety of persuasive techniques." (399)

Generation Like

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/generation-like/

4. Reptilian Brain in Advertisements

Advertisers use a variety of techniques to entice the reader and get them interested in the product that is being sold. Part of this is the stimulation of the three brain, the neocortex, limbic, and reptilian brain. The neocortex and limbic are activated when you read or thinking rationally about a commercial and when the commercial makes you feel an emotion. For me, the most subtle activation of the brain is the reptilian brain, which is the oldest brain that controls our animalistic needs, like eating, mating, and fight or flight. If a commercial can grab the viewer's attention, they can be enormously powerful.

Quotes:

"A different technique, the hidden-fear appeal, plays on consumers' sense of insecurity. Deodorant, mouthwash, and shampoo ads frequently invoke anxiety, pointing out that only a specific product could relieve embarrassing personal hygiene problems and restore a person to social acceptability." (400)

"With its ability to create consumers, advertising become the central economic support of pervasive and persuasive strategies, advertising today saturates the cultural landscape." (414)

GoPro and Red Bull
http://gopro.com/news/gopro-joins-red-bull-signature-series-as-official-partner-for-the-2013-season/

5. Who Gets to Control the Internet?

With the rise of the digital age and increasing convergence of our lives onto the internet, companies have emerged to take control. These major companies have changed and been replaced over the years, but today the large four are Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. These companies hold a huge amount of power, both on the internet and economically. In order to remain powerful, these companies buy competing companies in order to eliminate competition, like Facebook buying Instagram, and expanding their reach beyond the internet.

Quotes:

"As the business magazines Fast Company explains, "Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google don't recognize any borders; they feel no qualms about marching beyond the walls of tech into retailing, advertising, publishing, movies, TV, communications, and even finance. Across the economy, these four companies are increasingly setting the agenda." " (63).

"In 2011, in response to Apple's iPad, Amazon released its own color touchscreen tablet, the Kindle Fire, giving Amazon a device that can play all of the media - including music, TV, movies, and games - it sells online and in Appstore." (64)

Facebook Buys Instagram
http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/04/09/facebook-buys-instagram-for-1-billion/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0

6. Can the Magazine and Newspaper Industry Survive?

The world of magazine and newspaper publishing has been drastically changed with the rise of the digital age. Journalists have had to change the way they investigate and get information now that so much of it is accessible online. The industry has also had to adjust as more and more people have turned to the internet for their news instead of to print. Now that so much is available for free so conveniently, magazines and newspapers have had to converge onto that platform to stay relevant and still make a profit. 

Quotes:

"Both print and TV news can continuously update breaking stories online, and many reporters now post their online so tires first and then work on traditional versions. This means that readers and viewers no longer have to wait until the next day for the morning paper of for the local evening newscast for important stories." (506)

"In the digital age, newsrooms are integrating their digital and print operations, and asking their journalists to tweet breaking news that links back to newspapers' Web sites. However, editors are still facing a challenge to get reporters and editors to fully embrace what news executives regard as a reporter's online responsibilities." (291)

Page One
http://www.magpictures.com/pageone/

7. Who Owns What Online?

Now that media is so easily accessible through the internet, the issue of ownership is introduced. Everything from music to movies to books are easily found illegally online on hundreds of different sites. Companies find it difficult to regulate this leak of media because of the amount of ways this is available. Many companies have attempted to find a medium between illegal downloads and the traditional way of viewing or listening, like Hulu, showing television shows for a subscription price, Pandora, allowing you to listen to personalized music, but with commercials, and The New York Times, letting you look at parts of articles before having to subscribe.

Quotes:

"It is not surprising then that the internet, a mass medium that links individuals and communities together like no other medium, became a hub for sharing music. In fact, the reason college student Shawn Fanning said he developed the groundbreaking file-sharing site Napster in 1999 was "to build communities around different types of music."" (126)

"The multi functionality and portability of third- and fourth-screen devices means that consumers may no longer need television sets - just as landline telephones have fallen out of favor as more people rely solely on their mobile phones." (209)

10 Sites to Help You Navigate Your Way Through the New World of Music

http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/07/23/online.music.kazaa/index.html?iref=24hours

8. Does Anyone Buy Books Anymore?

Along with the change in the newspaper and magazine industry due to the rise in the digital age, books have also had to readjust. With the invention of e-readers like the Kindle, people are turning away from hard copies and towards digital reading. Both the publishing industry and book stores have suffered and had to find ways to deal with the convergence; publishing industries have built alliances with digital corporations and bookstores, like Barnes and Nobel, have embraced e-readers.

Quotes:

"Now, the transformation of books and the publishing industry is changing our book-bound institutions - including bookstores, libraries, and schools - and our reading habits. Book in the digital era are both more and less personal: we are less likely to have a physical book to hold, but we can easily self-publish books about our own thoughts and adventures." (347)

"The most extensive digitization project, the Google Books Library Project, which began in 2004, features partnerships with the New York Public Library and about twenty major university research libraries - including Harvard, Michigan, Oxford, and Stanford - to scan millions of books and make them available online. The Authors Guild and the Association of American Publishers initially sued Google for digitizing copyrighted books without permission." (363)

Why Borders Went Out of Business

http://business.time.com/2011/07/19/5-reasons-borders-went-out-of-business-and-what-will-take-its-place/

9. How Much Information is too Much?

In 2014, the amount of information we have access to, and are exposed to, has hugely multiplied. On the internet we have constant updates on what is going on, both in world news and personal news on sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Outside of the internet, radio and television have also expanded their options for tuning in. Instead of having a few basic stations, people have access to thousands, reaching out to a certain niche of people instead of a broad population.

Quotes:

"Over the past decade or so, two alternative radio technologies have helped expand radio vend its traditional AM and FM bands and bring more diverse sounds to listeners: satellite and HD (digital) radio." (181)

"First, we may just be producing too much information. According to social critic Neil Postman, as a result of developments in technology, society has developed an "information glut" that transforms new and information into "a form of garbage." Postman believed that scientists, technicians, managers, and journalists merely pile up mountains of new data, which add to the problems and anxieties of everyday life. As a result, too much unchecked data - especially on the internet - and too little thoughtful discussion emanate from too many channels of communication." (487)

Kids and the Internet

http://safeandsavvy.f-secure.com/2013/11/07/kids-and-the-internet-why-parental-controls-arent-enough/#.U2G9MuZdXCc

10. Government Regulation

With the relative ease of putting information online, the question is raised as to whether everything should be allowed. America has always emphasized free speech, but now that anyone can post anything, people begin to wonder if there should be any regulation or censorship. The other option to this complete freedom is some government control, which many people reject. When the U.S. House of Representatives proposed SOPA in 2012, there was a huge backlash for free knowledge from major companies, like Wikipedia's 24-hour blackout.

Quotes:

"However, it is important to remember that the First Amendment protects not only the news media's free-speech rights but also the rights of all of us to speak out. Mounting concerns over who can afford access to the media go to the hear of free expression." (573)

"When students from other cultures attend school in the United States, many are astounded by the number of books, news articles, editorials, cartoons, films, TV shows, and Web sites that make fun of U.S. presidents, the military, and the police. Many countries' governments throughout history have jailed, even killed, their citizens for such speech "violations." (547)

Tiananman Square Information Blocked in China

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/04/tiananmen-square-online-search-censored

My Ten Media Revelations

Media Revelations Final Exam

Ten Revelations

1. 
   Journalism has evolved to become a race to see who can get the story first. The value and accuracy of news stories has become more difficult to determine with the increasing access to information around the clock. Ever since the rise of online media resources such as blogs, Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia, etc. information is easily manipulated and embellished; This makes it very hard to find trustworthy news sources because of how easy it is to access and post information on the internet. The rise of online news resources has created a world of journalism that puts more importance on the timeliness and quickness of a story instead of its accuracy, which typically results in grand errors and flaws in their stories.

• “...he also talked about the news-gathering process as a game that journalists play. It's now routine for local television stations, 24/7 cable news, and newspapers to run self-promotions about how they beat competitors to a story.” (Campbell 499)
• “It is not always clear, though, how the public is better served by a journalist's claim to have gotten a story first...Although readers and viewers might value the aggressiveness of reporters, the earliest reports are not necessarily better, more accurate, or as complete as stories written later with more context and perspective.” (Campbell 500)

2. Big businesses rely on consumers to sell and promote products.
   
   
   
   
   Advertising agencies often rely on their consumers for the promotion of products, campaigns, events, releases, and premiers. By placing advertisements on social websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram, advertisers leave the consumers on those sites to like, share, reblog, or retweet their advertisements. This allows the advertisements to spread amongst different friend groups and circles, which increases the popularity and profit of the ads. When a person likes or shares an ad, this allows the advertising agency to collect information about the interests of that person with the use of cookies.

• “A major objective of their paid media is to get earned media, or to convince online consumers to promote products in their own way.” (Campbell 398)
• “Knowing you like it, your friends view it ; they pass it along, it gets more earned media and eventually becomes viral—an even greater advertising achievement.” (Campbell 398)
• http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/business/media/promoting-products-using-social-media-advertising.html?_r=0

3. Cell phones are tracking devices.
   
   
   
   With highly digitalized and technologically advanced cell phones, we have unknowingly positioned ourselves to be tracked and located at any moment. The softwares that have been placed into the cell phones that we purchase offer amazing features such as GPS, location services, and photo maps; though seemingly harmless, our cell phones' ability to track our location on the spot can pose a serious threat to many. As we have learned throughout the course, many individuals rely on their cell phones to complete tasks of every day life—almost everyone in the digital age almost always has their cell phones with or around them. The inability to separate person from cell phone makes it that much easier to track and locate whoever you want, which puts everyone at risk of 24/7 surveillance.

• “Internet surveillance involves tracking all of the communications over an ISP, which raises concerns about the privacy of thousands of other users.” (Campbell 68)
• “The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 extended the law to computer stored data and the Internet, although subsequent court decisions ruled that employees have no privacy rights in electronic communications conducted on their employer's equipment.” (Campbell 559)
• http://endoftheamericandream.com/archives/cell-phones-are-tracking-devices-that-governments-police-big-corporations-and-stalkers-can-use-to-easily-track-your-movements

4. Printing businesses of all sorts are quickly going out of style as digital media takes over.
   
   
   Books, newspapers, and magazines all had their run of fame as the earliest mass mediums in the pre-digital age. With the help of new technology and inventions, the world of printing and publishing quickly flourished and grew over the last century. At the rise of the digital age, however, the world of printing is quickly diminishing as tablets, kindles, e-books, online magazines, and online newspapers become more popular and efficient. This increase in the popularity of digital reading has forced many businesses (bookstores, newspaper and magazine companies, publishers, etc.) to converge with the digitalizing of print in order to maintain the status of their flourishing companies.

• http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/09/12/first.borders.bookstore.closing/
• “First, rather than subscribing to a traditional paper, many readers now begin their day on their iPads, smartphones, or computers scanning a wide variety of news web sites, including those of print papers, cable news channels, newsmagazines, bloggers, and online-only news organizations. Such sources are increasingly taking over the roles pf more traditional forms of news..” (Campbell 290)
• “Still, the largest trade book publishers and independents alike find themselves struggling in the industry's digital upheaval and the dominance of Amazon.com in the distribution of e-books.” (Campbell 366)

5. Advertisers sell products by appealing to consumers' emotions.
6. 
   
7.  After watching and analyzing a series of commercials during the course of the semester, I have been able to learn, understand, and witness the tactics advertisers use to effectively sell their products. Advertisers aim to create aesthetically pleasing advertisements that heavily appeal to the limbic brain which allows us to process feelings and emotions. With the right type of music, sounds, and images, advertisers can manipulate emotions to evoke certain reactions within their audience. A commercial's ability to successfully appeal to these emotions ultimately aid in the selling of certain products

• http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-drive-sales-2013-9
• “They emphasized stereotyped appeals to women, believing that simple ads with emotional and even irrational content worked best.” (Campbell 388)
• “Eventually, however, through the influence of European design, television, and (now) multimedia devices, such as the iPad, images asserted themselves, and visual style became dominant in U.S advertising and ad agencies.” (Campbell 389)

6. Certain types of media can have a negative impact on youth.
   
   
   
   Growing up in the digital age means that many children have unlimited access to a wide array of uncensored, violent, and vulgar material. Despite the age requirements on movies, television shows, music, video games and websites, the easy accessibility of the internet allows for an easier access to such material. Early or frequent participation in distracting, violent, sexual, or inappropriate forms of media have been proven to result in aggression, violence, and behavioral issues within young children. These types of issues will continue as long as mediums such as Call of Duty, Grand Theft Auto, Pornography sites, and inappropriate television shows remain accessible to children.

• “Violent and misogynistic content has from time to time spurred calls for more regulation of electronic games. But, as games permeate more of culture and increasingly come in nonstandard formats and genres, they may also become harder to define, and therefore, regulate.” (Campbell 96)
• “But the possible effects of such games have been debated for years, and video games have been charged as being a factor in violent episodes, such as the Columbine High School shootings in 1999.” (Campbell 99)
• http://psi.sagepub.com/content/4/3/81.short

7. Technology has made everything easily accessible.
   
   
   
   As I stated above, the advancements in technology have made just about everything in today's society accessible at the click of a button. As long as we have access to the internet, we can easily obtain music, books, movies, television shows, newspapers, magazines, appliances, and clothing. Websites like Amazon allow us to buy just about anything and everything from the comfort of our own home—we don't even have to leave our houses to shop for groceries anymore! Before, things like books, encyclopedias, newspapers, and magazines were hard to obtain, but now they come just as easily as our wifi!

• “The open Internet—best represented by Google...and a Web browser—promised to put the entire World Wide Web at your fingertips.” (Campbell 61)
• “Today, sharing on the Internet is made easy with mobile devices and the ever-present social media “share” buttons.” (Campbell 45)
• https://fresh.amazon.com/Category?cat=produce&appendmp=true

8. Social media both separates and segregates people.
   
   
   
   There is a huge double standard when it comes to the way media is said to affect certain groups and people. Some people argue that the usage of social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr separates people from the real world—that the amount of time dedicated to theses social media sites take away from the experience of connecting with people face-to-face. On the other hand, many people believe that using these websites allows us to stay connected with friends and family by sharing photos, liking items, and posting on each others walls or timelines. Because of the validity of both statements, we can confirm that social media both separates and segregates people.

• “Of all the leading Internet sites, Facebook is one of the “stickiest,” with Americans staying on the social networking site, on average, about 20 percent of their overall time online.” (Campbell 64)
• “In just a decade, social media have changed the way we consume and relate to media and the way we communicate with others.” (Campbell 54)
• https://www.hastac.org/blogs/haley117/2013/06/07/social-medias-affect-human-interaction

9. Many different radio stations play the same music because they are owned by the same company.
   
   
   
   For years I wondered why all of my favorite radio stations only seemed to play the same ten or fifteen songs, and I often found myself confused when I would switch back and forth between stations and the same exact song would be playing on both of them. It wasn't until this semester that I learned this was because many of the radio stations that I listened to were owned by the same company. In chapter five, I learned that big radio companies buy out smaller radio stations in an attempt to control as much of the nation's airwaves as possible. Format radio and program logs are implemented by program managers to control the flow of the radio station. These program managers choose the most popular songs to be played on each station at a certain time,and because many radio stations are owned and run by a single company, many of the same songs are played on different stations.

• “Combined, Clear Channel, Cumulus, and CBS own roughly 1,500 radio stations (more than 10 percent of all U.S. Stations), dominate the fifty largest markets in the United States, and control about one-half of the entire radio industry's $17.4 billion revenue.” (Campbell 187)
• “The 1996 act allows individuals and companies to acquire as many radio stations as they want, with relaxed restrictions on the number of stations a single broadcaster may own in the same city...” (Campbell 186)
• http://www.clearchannel.com/Pages/Clear-Channel-Radio-Stations-Nationwide-Present-The-Largest-Concert-Event-In-Radio-History-Featuring-An-Unparalleled-Line-U.aspx

10. Many advertisers use beautiful people to promote and sell their product.
    
    
    
    After we were introduced to the persuasive techniques in the media matrix, I focused a lot of my attention on recognizing advertisers' usage of beautiful people in their ads. It never dawned on me that almost all of the ads I had come across in my lifetime only used seemingly attractive men, women, children, and babies to promote their product. I used to think that only fashion magazines and music videos strictly hired aesthetically pleasing people to sell their products or get their point across, but I began to notice that even the simplest of commercials like fast food restaurants and dental care only had beautiful people in their ads.

• “Worst of all, women, or even parts of women—with their heads cut from the frame—have been used as merely objects, associated with a particular product.” (Campbell 401)
• “A long-standing trend in advertising is the association of certain products with ultrathin female models, promoting a style of 'attractiveness' that girls and women are invited to emulate.” (Campbell 408
• http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=9843

Final Project- Ryan Schroeder

1.  Free Advertising in Social Media

Social Media began as a way to define yourself through posts and pictures.  Now advertising companies will pay Facebook to put up ads for certain services and products.  Facebook and other social media platforms now personalize the ads for each individual based on what they have opened while online.  If you are always sharing posts concerning food then food companies will send out ads to you about food.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/groupthink/2013/05/01/how-to-triple-your-success-using-social-media-advertising-platforms/


"Aided by faster microprocessors, high-speed broadband networks, and a proliferation of digital content, the internet has become more than just an information source in it's second decade as a mass medium" (Campbell, 52).

"Do we share a relationship status or not? Do we talk about a funny, awkward thing that happened that day or hold back? Should we post pictures of a new baby for our faraway friends and family or keep them private? Do we allow a 12-year old to sign up for Facebook or Twitter? Do we opt out entirely?" (Generation Like).

2.  Multitasking: A Skill or a Myth?

Nowadays everyone thinks that they are the masters of multitasking.  Everyone thinks that because they can have multiple screens up that this means they can work on different tasks simultaneously.  The movie Generation Like proved that this claim is false.  Kids that multitask are giving each subject less attention and therefore doing the different tasks worse than if they focused on each one at a time.

http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/a/costs-of-multitasking.htm



“Media multitasking has led to growing media consumption, particularly for younger people. A recent Kaiser Family Foundation study found that today’s youth-now doing two or more things at once- packed ten hours and forty-five minutes worth of media content into the seven and a half hours they spent daily consuming media" (Campbell, 27).

"To be lean and efficient, modern news de-emphasized complex analysis and historical context and elevated the new and the now" (Campbell, 27).

3.  Youths are more susceptible to Technology Addictions
  
In the movie Digital Nation it was evident that the younger generation is more likely to get sucked into video games.  In Japan, there are "coffee shop" type places that have rows and rows of computers so that kids can come and play as long as they want. Until the video I never would have expected kids to be going to rehab for technology addictions.  It is amazing to think how much responsibility comes with these video games because of the hours and days that can be wasted.

http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/features/video-game-addiction-no-fun

 

"The more the children were addicted, the more prone they were to depression, social phobias, and increased anxiety, which led to poorer grades in school."(Campbell, 98).

"Halo, Call of Duty, and World of Warcraft make money from long-term engagement by selling expansion packs or charging monthly subscription fees" (Campbell, 98).

4. Leaking Information: Pro or Con?


As seen in Julian Assange's movie We Steal Secrets, there are many opinions on each side of this topic.  Assange wants information leaked so that there are no hidden secrets from the public. As seen in the clips from the military that showed a helicopter taking out innocent civilians like it was simply a video game.  On one side this information may be too much for the public to handle, but Assange would argue that the public deserves to know everything.

"If journalism is good, it is controversial, by its nature" (Assange). 

"In my role as Wikileaks editor, I've been involved in fighting off many legal attacks. To do that, and keep our sources safe, we have had to spread assets, encrypt everything, and move telecommunications and people around the world to activate protective laws in different national jurisdictions" (Assange).

5.  Using the Limbic Brain in Advertising

The limbic brain is probably the most widely used part of the brain when watching an ad on t.v. Between all of the music and images that must be processed it is the most important to focus on.  You can give a feel for an ad just by making the music calm or crazy, fast or slow.  Project #1 showed a lot of variety in this field.  The Lion GoPro commercial that I presented had no music, but the noises from the man and the lion give you a sense of actually being there.  The holiday iPhone commercial that was presented a few times had a peaceful tone and made you feel warm and fuzzy. 

  

"Viral marketing- short videos or other content that quickly gains widespread attention as users share it with friends online, or by word of mouth" (Campbell, 394).

"Far from being a state of consciousness divorced from the physical brain, a person's emotions are produced by chemicals exquisitely intertwined with the physiological processes of the body so that in the truest sense what affects the body affects the mind and emotions, and vice versa.

The center of emotions in the brain can be found in the limbic system where the vast panoply of emotions is regulated through the release of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters: Pleasure may be linked with chemical signals produced by the release of noradrenalin, and pain is associated with many neurotransmitters. Mood appears to be linked with serotonin and dopamine.

In response to a variety of stimuli, emotions arise in the limbic system, travelling along neural pathways to the frontal lobes of the cortex, where feelings are monitored and interpreted. These two brain structures next influence the hypothalamus, which transmits the messages that trigger appropriate physical responses" ("The Brain Encyclopedia" by Carol Turkington (1996).

6.  Product Placement

Product placement has become a very large part of 21st century media.  We see shows, like breaking bad, that use unique cars like the aztec.  These companies will pay shows and movies to have their product put in for a scene.  This can be a very useful tool for marketers because it allows the viewers to see characters that they love using the products that the companies hope you will buy.  If you see Walter White driving an Aztec then you may be more inclined to go out and buy one just because of the correlation.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product-placement.html

"Revenue is earned from merchandise licensing and product placements in movies. In the early days of television and film, characters generally used generic products, or product labels weren't highlighted in shots... But with soaring film production costs, product placements are adding extra revenues while lending an element of authenticity to the staging" (Campbell, 263).

"Product placement: buying spaces for particular goods to appear in a TV show, movie, or music video" (Campbell, 383).

7. Convergence

Convergence of devices has become very important in media. We can now watch videos that people post online on sites like Youtube. This convergence of social media, video gaming, and school work sites all come together on a personalized computer to be used however the individual chooses. Convergence gives the user the power to do whatever it is they want to do.

http://www.technologyreview.com/article/401042/convergence-i-diverge/




"Media is also converging on our television sets, as the electronics industry manufactures internet-ready TVs" (Campbell, 58).

"Convergence of media content and technology has forever changed our relationship with media" (Campbell, 59)

8.  Individualized Media


Media is now focused on certain demographics instead of the public as a whole.  A commerical just came up on TV that was for a dating site called farmersonly.com. This website is shown in VT becasuse there is a farming community that will see this commercial.  They would not ever play this commercial in Los Angeles because there is no farming community out there.  Individualized media is about finding a proper demographic and then focusing on relating to that certain group.  

http://www.marketingcharts.com/wp/online/top-benefits-and-challenges-of-personalized-media-programs-39603/

"A typical basic cable system today includes a hundred-plus channel lineup composed of local broadcast signals, access channels, regional PBS stations, and a variety of cable channels" (Campbell, 203). 

"Cable consumers usually choose programming from a two-tiered structure: basic cable services like CNN and premium cable services like HBO" (Campbell, 203).

9. Using beautiful people vs plain folk

Different companies will get different outcomes from using these two categories of marketing. A company like Budweiser chooses to use beautiful people because it will make the viewer want to have a few beers and hopefully hang out with beautiful men or women. Companies that will use plain folk are used for sports promotion. Fans are not always pretty people and if regular people are in commercials than that will attract more people from all different kinds of backgrounds.

http://cyncerely.com/2013/05/07/an-ugly-side-of-marketing-to-beautiful-people/



"Plain Folks- The opposite of testimonial; persuading buy appealing to the common man or portraying yourself as just one of the guys/gals" (Matrix handout)

"Beautiful People- Persuading through images of good-looking individuals to sell products, lifestyles, behaviors, or ideas" (Matrix Handout).

10.   Public Relations: The good and the bad

Public Relations has been used in politics and advertising alike for years and years.  Companies and people only want the good news to hit the public, leaving the bad news to hide behind the curtains. A great example is the BP oil spill.  BP did not come out with a statement to apologize until well after the damage was done.  If they had come out and apologized right away then their name and image would not have been tarnished as badly as it was.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenmakovsky/2013/08/29/improving-personal-public-relations/




“Public relations refer to the total communication strategy conducted by a person, a government, or an organization attempting to reach and persuade an audience to adopt a point of view” (Campbell,  421).

"An image... is not simply a trademark, a design, a slogan, or an easily remembered picture. It is a studiously crafted personality profile of an individual, institution, corporation, product, or service" (Campbell, 421).