Thursday, May 1, 2014

Ten Media Revelations: Saad Alharbi

1. Multitasking is A Skill That Cannot Be Performed.

Study and research has shown and proved that it is mentally impossible to accomplish two thing at once. While the brain is trying to focus and accomplish a task, that particular task has its full attention, and it isn’t possible, for the brain, to pay equal amount of attention to two things at once. As it takes time to switch between goals in order to perform the actions that would lead to accomplishing those goals, the human brain proves its incapability to multitask.

"The ability to access many different forms of media in one place is also changing the ways we engage with media. In the past, we read newspaper in print, watched TV on our televisions, and played video games on a console. Today, we are able to do those things on a computer, tablet, or a smartphone, making it easy-and very tempting- to multitask" (Campbell p.13)
“Some critics and educators feel that media multitasking means that we are more distracted, that we engage less with each type of media we consume, and that we often pay closer attention to the media we are using than to people immediately in our presence (Campbell, 13)”



2. Social Media Makes Us Chat but Not Talk.

It is quite remarkable how dependant our generation is on social media and the interaction through it. They depend on it so much that they might be facebooking, tweeting, or instagraming to the public while they are sitting with their friends not talking to each other. I have to admit that I feel like an alien to my generation because I don’t really care about social media. I also do feel like an alien when I’m sitting with a group of people who would be talking to their cell phones instead of me.

“[social media] a venue for social interaction - a place where people can share creations, tell stories, and interact with others.” “Platforms that enable the interactive Web by engaging in users to participate in, comment on, and create content as means to communicate with their social graph, other users, and the public.”(Campbell, 52)
“In less than a decade, a number of different types of social media have evolved, with multiple platforms for the creation of user-generated content.” (Campbell, 52)



3. It Is All About Appearances.

I studied in business class that public relation is what brings companies and corporations customers and profit. However, in Media Revolution I learned that appearances are more important than profit because appearances is what brings about profit. The use of public relations to show the positive side of a story, a medium, or a firm over the negative side is what keeps social media thriving over image and reputation. And this is the heart of public relations.

"An image... is not simply a trademark, a design, a slogan, or an easily remembered picture. It is a studiously crafted personality profile of an individual, institution, corporation, product, or service" (Campbell, 421)
“Public relations importance is as simple as the statement that, “in politics, image has replaced action” (Campbell, 445)


4. The Economic Shift to Corporate Consolidation.

Companies used to work on, perhaps, a local and small level of business. However, with the convergence of media and economy it isn’t as safe or as profitable to operate on a small level. There are now corporations that run and control a large portion of a medium which allows them to control not only the competition but also a portion of the economy.

“Google, established in 1998, … and now controls more than 65 percent of the search engine market and generates billions of dollars of revenue.”(Campbell, 63)
“Google also has branched out into a number of internet offerings, including shopping (Froogle), mapping (Google Maps), e-mail (Gmail), blogging (Blogger), browsing (Chrome), books (Google Book Search), and video (Youtube).” (Campbell, 63)



5. Warm Fuzzies or Scientific Evidence?

One of the most interesting revelations for me was the use, targeting, and stimulating of the brain by media. Each part of the brain, or each brain, processes different kind of messages. The reptilian brain takes care of fighting and fleeing; the limbic brain processes emotions; and the neocortex is the rational brain. In a class other than media, I would not have learned about those brains or how they function in terms of receptiveness and being stimulated. Media in its different forms target all three parts of the brain. The technique warm fuzzies, which is seen in lovely pictures and soft music, is used to move the emotional brain, while scientific evidence, statistics and results of research, appeal to the rational brain. Perhaps, strength and appearing as aggressive and bold, such as body builders, is what affect or stimulate the lizard brain.

“The thing about musical is that you take a simple story, and tell it in a complicated way.” (Campbell, 249)
“Ad agencies and product companies often argue that the main purpose of advertising is to inform consumers about available products in a straightforward way. Most consumer ads, however, merely create a mood or tell stories about products without revealing much else.” (Campbell, 399)


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6. Internet and Video Games: Violence, Isolation, or Addiction?

Video games as it is known and loved by many is not as pleasant as it seems. Some research and studies showed that children who are exposed to violent video games at an early age might develop some behavioral issues. Those issues could be violent acts or sometimes isolation from the outer world, which would be the result of continuous long-hours playing. The isolation is also seen in the internet because constant exposure to it makes the users addicts and isolates them from the world, and I have had this isolation issue at my teens, not early in my childhood. But in my case it was the internet not video games. So, I think it takes a toll on all age groups.

“Violent and misogynistic content has from time to time spurred calls for more regulation of electronic games. But, as games permeate more of culture and increasingly come in nonstandard formats and genres, they may also become harder to define, and therefore, regulate.” (Campbell 96)                  

"The more the children were addicted, the more prone they were to depression, social phobias, and increased anxiety, which led to poorer grades in school."(Campbell, 98)


7. Digital News is Replacing The Newspapers.
In our digital world, newspaper as many other media forms has to adapt to the change. In the past, it was the main source of information other than the television, and so it was dominant and desired by the public. Nowadays the case is different, since there is really not much demand or desire for printed newspaper, especially since it is available on the internet for free and no subscription is needed for reading. Digital news is taking over, and I must admit that it is very unfortunate to see the big and renowned  newspapers such as the New York Times struggling with funds to cover the cost of their efforts for the work that they do to provide the news.

“Traditional printed newspapers are struggling as the page turn from a print world to a digital one, and they have lost both young readers and ad revenue to Internet news sources.” (Campbell, 277)
“In the digital age, newsrooms are integrating their digital and print operations, and asking their journalists to tweet breaking news that links back to newspapers’ Web sites. However, editors are still facing a challenge to get reporters and editors to fully embrace that news executives regard as a reporter’s online responsibilities.” (Campbell, 290)


8. What is Privacy in a Digital World?
Once a video, a picture, a story, or whatever kind of digital information for that matter is online, it is beyond anyone’s control to stop it. They move like viruses and spread between people so fast, and due to their fast movement they are  tracked. As a result, there is no privacy, and whatever is shared on the internet is everybody’s and the information (digital code) no longer belongs to anyone. It belongs to the website that it’s posted on.
"Searches, of the internet permit law-enforcement agencies to gather huge amounts of data, including the communications of people who are not the targets of an investigation."(Campbell p.68)
“In the simplest terms, the right to privacy addresses a person’s right to be left alone, without his or her name, image, or daily activities becoming public property” (Campbell, 490)


9. Does The Public Really Need to Make Informed Decisions?
With the uncontrollability and quick spread of information, thanks to the internet, it was revealed how much the governments hide. Julian Assange and Wikileaks have contributed to the society in revealing the hidden truths. Sometimes revealing the truth might aid the public in provoking them to ask for amendment, and they may receive it; however, other times the truths can be harsh and difficult for the public to handle, in that case the secret or truths would better stay hidden. Julian Assange likes “crushing bastards,” and that is what I thought about him, an egotistical, eager to prove himself, individual. Although his contribution with Wikileaks is very negative, I think it has more pros than cons.
“Your obligation, as an independent news organization, is to verify the material, to supply context, to exercise responsible judgment about what to publish and what not to publish and to make sense of it.’ –Bill Keller, former executive editor, New York Times, 2011, writing about using material from WikiLeaks.” (Campbell, 491)
“...Wikileaks is able to report on what the powerful wish to keep secret because the logic of the internet permits it….Just as the internet has no terrestrial address or central office, neither does Wikileaks.” Jay Rosen, PressThink, 2010. (Campbell, 514)


10. The Remarkable Convergence
The biggest and most remarkable revelation for me was the convergence of the smartphone. Although, I knew that a smartphone could perform many tasks, at once, it was a bit different after talking about it in class. I have a smartphone with which I call, text, whatsapp, take pictures, record videos, record sounds, and listen to music, and those seven functions were the limits of my use of my smartphone. But seeing and hearing from my peers how they use it made me want to do most of the things that they talked about, and going through the process of learning how to do these things is a lot of fun.
"The ability to access many different forms of media in one place is also changing the ways we engage with media. In the past, we read newspaper in print, watched TV on our televisions, and played video games on a console. Today, we are able to do those things on a computer, tablet, or a smartphone, making it easy-and very tempting- to multitask" (Campbell p.13)
“Today, media consumption is mobile and flexible; we don’t have to miss out on media content just because we weren't home in time to catch a show, didn't find the book in the bookstore, or forgot to buy the newspaper yesterday. Increasingly, we demand access to our media when we want it, where we want it, and in multiple formats.” (Campbell, 59)


TOP 10!




1.       Media and  Culture

“Culture links individuals to their society by providing both shared and contested values, and the mass media help circulate those values.” (Campbell, 6).

“Everything that defines our culture – our language, food, clothing, architecture, mass media content, and the like – is a form of symbolic communication that signifies shared (but often still contested) beliefs about culture at a point in historical time.” (Campbell, 539).

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Understanding media within its historical context can give us a greater comprehension of media. Media is not solely a product of cultural context however and neither is cultural experience solely based on mass media. There is interplay between the two especially as media becomes more prevalent and becomes less and less distinguishable from culture. We gravitate toward media as a tool to identify with ourselves and in large part this means we identify with our given culture.  In 1950’s America there was the popular idea of the middle class white nuclear family and indeed this notion was expressed in TV shows because it was so culturally relevant. Now television shows may have more diverse casts because we are more progressive as a society and culture.


2.       Surveillance vs Privacy

“However, when you use the Internet, whether you are signing up for an e-mail account, shopping online or just surfing the web, you give way personal information – voluntary or not.” (Campbell, 68).

“Since the inception of the internet, government agencies worldwide have obtained communication log, Web browser histories, and the online records of individual users who thought their online activities were private.”  (Campbell, 68).

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While technological advancement into the digital age granted more convenience, it also allowed for greater ease of surveillance by institutions and individuals. Online fraud is perpetuated through the internet by malicious individuals but involuntary surveillance is perpetuated by institutions that are supposed to be on our side. Using internet makes us consumers who should be informed about the product we are using. The internet is still largely unregulated however we should be aware of the possible pitfalls when we log on. Indeed there are ways to circumvent governmental oversight in the internet however sometimes it’s just as well to be aware that your privacy is not guaranteed.

3.       Democracy

“Journalism is central to democracy: Both citizens and the media must have access to the information that we need to make important decisions.” (Campbell, 512)
“Public journalism..aims to reinvigorate a deliberative democracy in which citizen groups, local government, and the news media together work more actively to shape social, economic, and political agendas.” (Campbell, 513).
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Democracy is as a political structure does not inherently translate into social progress. Alexis de Tocqueville wrote of the despotism of the majority when he referred to the effect that democracy has on an uninformed an inactive populace. The trust of uniformed voters goes to the majority and in the United States the majority is largely culled by the mass media. Therefore media is crucial in directing the political action. Political activism should be promoted by media but not in a partisan way. Media should aim to inform with the only agenda being truth.


4.       Convergence

 “This is the stage in which older media are reconfigured in various forms on newer media.” (Campbell, 11).
“Today’s converged media world has broken down the old definitions of distinct media forms like newspapers and television – both now available online and across multiple platforms.” (Campbell, 13).
Technological convergence is such a interesting interaction whereby the means and ends of technology are becoming more and more gray. Obsolescence because of superior innovation is nothing new and but convergence is happenening more and more.  Iphones can access television shows, take photos, even turn on your own car. Compatibility itself has become a recent guideline that innovation tends to follow so that cross-platform interaction has become a staple of media. Specialization from a given innovation can be quickly consumed by the economic necessity for convergence, thus more and more devices offer similar capabilities and watered down specialization allows for greater flexibility among producers to make a profit without truly being innovative. The amount of convergence has generated a web of codependent mediums that while many could stand alone they are nowhere near as prevalent without the synergy of different mediums.

5.       Media Power Structure (Ownership)

“In an economic climate in which fewer owners control the circulation of communication, what happens to new ideas or controversial views that may not always be profitable to circulate?” (Campbell, 231).
““On the one hand, critics express concern about the increasing power and reach of large media conglomerates. On the other hand, many free market advocates maintain that as long as these structures ensure efficient operation and generous profits, they measure up as quality media organizations.” (Campbell, 451).
“In the 1960’s, serious national media consolidation began, escalating into the global media mergers that have continued since the 1980’s.” (Campbell, 455).


Mass media directs the common consciousness of our minds. Directors of mass media have a social obligation to the masses but economic incentives are also valued. I think that there is an inherent problem with the amount of media consolidation in this country. A certain conflict of interest could develop and the possibility for a type of hive mind complex could mean devastating results for a democratic nation like the USA.

6.       Advertising/Consumerism

 “A recent Kaiser Family Foundation study found that today’s youth – doing two or more things at once – packed ten hours and forty-five minutes worth of media content into the seven and a half hours they spent daily consuming media.” (Campbell, 13).
“Ads take up more than half the space in most daily newspapers and consumer magazines. They are inserted into trade books and textbooks. They clutter Web sites on the internet. They fill our mailboxes and wallpaper the buses we ride. Dotting the nation’s highways, billboards promote fast-food and hotel chains, while neon signs announce the names of stores along major streets and strip malls. Ads are even found in the restrooms of malls, restaurants, and bars.” (Campbell, 383).
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When Media becomes more prevalent, we experience more advertisements. Consumerism takes on a hyper inflated and personal sense when it utilizes digital technology.  Using social media advertisers can establish peer to peer promotion where legitimate advertisements are promoted indirectly through online social interaction whether it is “liking” or “retweeting”. Data mining too has become a controversial and lucrative tool for advertisers. Digital information on aggregates allows for more effective targeting of potential consumers.

7.       Technological Shift 

“Ever-growing download speeds and the development of more portable devices, from laptops to smartphones to tablets, have fundamentally changed the ways in which we access and consume media.” (Campbell, 38).
“Aided by faster microprocessors, high-speed broadband networks, and a proliferation of digital content, the Internet has become more than just an information source in its second decade as a mass medium.” (Campbell, 52).
Convenience of interaction with one another was the most obvious change when a technological shift from analog to digital came about. Further innovation was predicated off of the internet with mobile devices. Social media developed. As technology aloud for great prevalence of media in our lives, capitalism profited from this digital shift with mega corporations like Facebook, Google, Amazon and Yahoo. These corporations were able to freely innovate from older analog ideas of encyclopedias, bookstores, and basic social circles and translate them to digitally based giants.


8.       Implications of Social Media

“ The second generation of the Internet  is a much more robust and social environment, having moved toward being a fully interactive medium with user-created content like blogs, Tumblrs, YouTube videos, Flickr photostreams, Photobucket albums, social networking, and other collaborative sites.” (Campbell, 52).

“But social media have also proven to be an effective tool for democracy, and for undermining repressive regimes that thrive on serving up propaganda and hiding their atrocities from view.”(Campbell, 54).

Social media has brought forth a huge shift from mass media to a now personal and participatory media. It is debatable what kind of impact positive or negative social media is currently having on how we interact with one another. However social media sites like Facebook and Twitter serve to decentralize information which can bring about complicated issues. Facebook was largely used in the Arab spring movement to circumvent oppressive regimes. Twitter is used as a news source by some although it might not be fully legitimate, it can produce quick information that is directly uploaded from the source in seconds.


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9.       Critical lens of media

“Developing media literacy – that is, attaining an understanding of mass media and how they construct meaning – requires following a critical process that takes us through the steps of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement.”
“To become literate about media involves striking a balance between taking a critical position and becoming tolerant of diverse forms of expression.”
It is important to observe media as an entity. Technological improvements have welcomed media into many of our more personal spaces and at a quickening pace. This critical view does not need to be cynical but the growing phenomena of media must be contextualized as a powerful phase of our social nexus. Creating use of our understanding of media is key when dissecting it. If we can analyze a given medium and locate how it can improve social welfare then we are pursuing media through a critical lens.

10.   Politics

“To be fully media literate, we must actively work to create a media world that helps serve democracy.”
“In fact, a 2011 survey related that forty-seven nations allow virtually no freedom of the press, with those governments exercising tight control over the news media and even intimidating, jailing and executing journalists.” (Campbell, 548). 

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With the proliferation of global media and information allows for a more egalitarian world in theory. Political action around the world in response to a changing media landscape manifests itself differently. Particularly in democratic societies the scale between regulation and deregulation can be difficult. Digital technology and the internet makes political policies difficult as the murky entanglements of blanket policies can be combined with free information of an unregulated internet.

Top Ten Media Revelations - Lindsey Garland

Top Ten Media Revelations

1.  Media is Everywhere, You Can’t Avoid It

The 21st century is the digital age, nearly every part of our days are impacted by technology in some way or another.  No matter what you’re doing there is some sort of technology that has been created to go along with it.  Sometimes this is negative whilst other times it’s not.  When people go out into the wilderness they may not need any technology to aid them, however if they go missing the search team could use GPS in order to find them.

  • "Media stores put events in context, helping us to better understand both our daily lives and the larger world" (Campbell, 15).
  • "Today, with the reach of print, electronic, and digital communications and the amount of time people spend consuming them, mass media play an even more controversial role in society" (Campbell, 16).



2. Privacy Doesn’t Exist Anymore

As we saw in Generation “Like” advertisers monitor everything that we do on our social media.  The government is also monitoring what we do on the Internet, they collect everything that we search or click on.  Once you put information about yourself online it isn’t going anywhere.  People are able to invade your privacy at any given time.

  • "However, when you use the Internet, whether you are signing up for an e-mail account, shopping online, or even just surfing the Web, you give away personal information - voluntarily or not" (Campbell, 68).
  • "The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 extended the law to computer-stored data and the Internet, although subsequent court decisions ruled that employees have no privacy rights in electronic communications conducted on their employer's equipment. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, however, weakened the earlier laws and gave the federal government more latitude in searching private citizens' records and intercepting electronic communications without a court order" (Campbell, 559).



3. Consumers Are Becoming the Advertisers

In Generation “Like” is became evident that advertisers are no longer putting in as much effort as they used to, because their consumers are willing to do it for free.  Social media has made it very easy go get the word out about a new product.  When someone has a lot of followers, they become “famous” causing a company to send them some of their products in hopes of gaining attention.  The followers will then see this and be interested in buying the product because they person that they seem so familiar with online likes it.

  • "Social media are helping advertisers use such personal endorsements to further their own products and marketing messages - basically, letting consumers do the work for them" (Campbell, 398).
  • "Some bloggers with large followings have been paid (either directly or by "gifts" of free products or trips) to give positive reviews or promote products on their site" (Campbell, 398).



4. Images Portrayed by the Media Have An Effect On Viewers Behaviors

Whenever someone sees something in a movie, television show or image they are impacted by it.  Video games have constantly been disputed, especially the ones that are violent, because they are believed to evoke inappropriate behaviors onto children.  This was thought to be evident during the Columbine High School massacre, where two students organized to open fire on their high school before committing suicide.  This is only one example of many with had an unfortunate outcome that can be traced back to violence in the media.

  • "Bandura developed social learning theory as a four-step process: attention (the subject must attend to the media and witness the aggressive behavior), retention (the subject must retain the memory for later retrieval), motor reproduction (the subject must be able to physically imitate the behavior, and motivation (there must be a social reward or reinforcement to encourage modeling the behavior)" (Campbell, 532).
  • "... many believe that media have a powerful effect on individuals and society. The belief has led media researchers to focus most of their efforts on two types of research: media effects research and cultural studies research" (Campbell, 521).



5. “Likes” Are Social Currency

One of the first things that the documentary Generation “Like” points out is that in today’s media culture “likes” are social currencies.  People are constantly posting things onto their social medias hoping that they will attract the attention of their peers.  In a way it’s a form of self-exhibition, you want to put your best foot forward on your social media; showing that you live an awesome life.  People are becoming obsessed with what people thing of them over their social media.  This is evident when the obnoxious girl in the song #SELFIE by The Chainsmokers says “I only got 10 likes in the last 5 minutes, do you think I should take it down?”

  • "We are also increasingly making out media choices on the basis of Facebook, YouTube, or Twitter recommendations from friends" (Campbell, 13).
  • "[Facebook] enables users to construct personal profiles, upload photos, share music lists, play games, and post messages to connect with old friends and meet new ones" (Campbell, 54).



6. Smartphones Are the Ultimate Convergence Tool

One of the eight shifts in 21st century media culture is an aesthetic shift, which goes from discrete to convergence.  The cellphone is the ultimate example of convergence by uniting different types of media technologies and platforms.  There are so many things that you can do at the tips of your fingers, I haven’t gone to the bank for months because I can check my balances, cash checks and transfer money without leaving my dorm room.  Phones aren’t just for making calls anymore, now you can take photos, listen to music, check your e-mail, Facebook or Instagram, send Snapchats or play games.

  • "The ability to access many different forms of media in one place is changing the ways we engage with and consume media. In the past, we read newspapers in print, watched TV on our televisions, and played video games on a console. Today, we are able to do all of those things on a computer, tablet, or smartphone..." (Campbell, 13).
  • "Today, media consumption is mobile and flexible; we don't have to miss out on media content just because we weren't home in time to catch a show, didn't find the book at the bookstore, or forgot to buy a newspaper yesterday" (Campbell, 59).



7. Technology Can Take Away From Reality

Technology is taking away from our lives, making us live in a virtual reality.  Everyday you see people walking around while they’re on their phone, blocking out the rest of their peers.  Cellphones and social media have changed the ways in which we communicate.  They may allow us to talk to people from miles away however they also cause us to forget about the people that we have right in front of us. 
   
  • "Some critics and educators feel that media multitasking means that we are more distracted, that we engage less with each type of media we consume, and that we often pay closer attention to the media we are using than to people immediately in our presence" (Campbell, 13).
  • "Sometimes called the "Big Mac" theory, this view suggests that people are so addicted to mass produced media menus that they lose their discrimination taste for finer fare and, much worse, their ability to see and challenge social inequities" (Campbell, 24).



8. Multitaskers Aren’t Really Good At Multitasking

The movie Generation “Like” explains that the “multitasker” tends to perform his or her tasks in a less efficient manner than someone who is doing each task separately.  When someone is multitasking they are unable to devote their attention to a specific job, causing them to produce work that’s lacking in quality.  The human brain can’t process two things at once; it just switches back and forth between its tasks.  This means that it’s actually impossible for the brain to multitask.

  • "Media multitasking has lead to growing media consumption, particularly for younger people. A recent Kaiser Family Foundation study found that today's youth - now doing two or more things at once - packed ten hours and forty-five minutes worth of media content into the seven and a half hours they spent daily consuming media" (Campbell, 13).
  • "Some critics and educators feel that media multitasking means that we are more distracted, that we engage less with each type of media we consume, and that we often pay closer attention to the media we are using than to people immediately in our presence" (Campbell, 13).



9. Newspapers May Be Dying, But the New Lives On

There will always be news for someone to report; however the print media that reports it is slowly dying out.  The technological shift from analog to digital has hit the newspaper industry hard.  As technology advances the ways in which people access their news changes as well.  Instead of going to the store or getting their newspaper delivered people just have to pull out their laptop, tablet or smartphone and download the most recent issue of their newspaper.

  • "Today's converged media world has broken down the old definitions of distinct media forms like newspapers and television - both now available online and across multiple platforms" (Campbell, 13).
  • "Despite the importance of newspapers in daily life, in today's digital age the industry is losing both papers and readers" (Campbell, 277).



10. Technology Makes Us Powerful

The unstated purpose of this class was to “Make Us More Powerful”.  This is something that technology and the media does.  Technology done so many things in order to change the way we go about life, making it easier.  Without technology we wouldn’t be were we are today in terms of medicine, education or communication.

  • "Social media tools have put unprecedented power in our hands to produce and distribute our own media. We can share our thoughts and opinions, write or update and encyclopedic entry, start a petition or fund-raising campaign, post a video, and create and explore virtual worlds" (Campbell, 54).
  • "Developing an informed critical perspective and becoming media literate allow us to participate in a debate about media culture as a force for both democracy and social progress" (Campbell, 31).